The simplest separating compost toilet basically diverts the urine into one tank and the solids into another. This ‘urine-diverting’ compost toilet keeps the liquids from the solids which are each easy to deal with, whereas combined they are a dangerous, smelly, ‘gloop’.
The term ‘composting toilet’ is a little misleading as the composting is not actually done in the toilet but a secondary location, the toilet is more of a composting aid.